(from Managing Meltdowns: Using the S.C.A.R.E.D. Calming Technique with Children and Adults with Autism, by Deborah Lipsky and Will Richards):
Many autistic people periodically have the experience of such acute sensory overload that they experience a catastrophic reaction – commonly referred to as a “meltdown”. This
can look different for different people; an extreme fight/flight/freeze response, and individual
might freeze, be unable to talk, run, lash out, cry or scream, collapse, or other distressing behaviors. In this state, the individual is often not able to hear or process instructions or reassurance; they are certainly not able to “calm down” upon command.
“When intervening with an individual who is experiencing a catastrophic reaction, the first concern should be for the safety of the individual and those around him/her.” The S.C.A.R.E.D. process can help focus on what the individual needs and appropriate responses to it.
S (Safe): The first priority is to ensure the safety of the autistic individual – and everyone else in the environment. Don’t try to restrain the individual and don’t leave them alone. Do remove unwanted stimulation and remove social pressure.
C (Calm): Remain calm yourself; use concrete, literal language in a strong, calm, and reassuring voice. Don’t try to “process” what is happening; the autistic individual cannot absorb it at that moment.
A (Affirmation): Provide validation of the feeling and acknowledge that the person is doing the best that they can. Don’t ask unnecessary questions or challenge them. Do refer to them by name and acknowledge their fear.
R (Routine): Guide the individual to a routine that is familiar or comforting to them (walking, stimming, etc.). Preferably know ahead of time what types of routines they typically use to self-soothe. Don’t try to force a routine on them.
E (Empathy): Understand from the autistic person’s perspective: Don’t lecture them about the effect their behavior is having on others – and don’t humiliate or shame. Do acknowedge his/her fear and show that you are there to support them and not make them do something that they don’t understand.
D (Develop an intervention strategy): Once the meltdown has passed, work with the individual to develop concrete behavioral strategies for supporting them during future meltdowns. An intervention plan reduces the frequency, duration, intensity, and negative outcomes of meltdowns.
Learn more invaluable information about supporting a loved one during a catastrophic autistic reaction in Managing Meltdowns: Using the S.C.A.R.E.D. Calming Technique with Children and Adults with Autism, by Deborah Lipsky and Will Richards.
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